Asia.

Daily rhythm depends wildly on where you land. In Seoul or Taipei, life runs late: 24-hour cafes, karaoke rooms (noraebang) at 2am, cheap street food after the club. In Tokyo the last train at midnight secretly governs your night out. Making friends is easiest through your host university's international office and buddy programmes; ESN barely exists out here, but most big unis run their own exchange societies and language-exchange nights. Locals can be shy in English at first, so other exchange students become your instant family. Join a club in week one, it is how the semester actually gels.

Your budget stretches like nowhere in Europe, or vanishes, depending on the city. Southeast Asia is the cheap end: in Vietnam, Thailand or Indonesia you can live well on €500-800 a month, eating out daily. The pricey end is Singapore, Hong Kong and central Tokyo, where rent alone swallows most of a €1,300-1,800 budget. The killer everywhere is housing: dorms are limited, so many students share flats or use uni-partnered residences. Set up a local e-wallet fast (Alipay, LINE Pay, GrabPay), half the region runs cashless and cards from home get declined.

• Vietnam: €450-750/mo (room ~€200)
• Thailand / Indonesia: €500-850/mo (room ~€250)
• Taiwan / Malaysia: €600-950/mo (room ~€300)
• South Korea / Japan outside Tokyo: €800-1,200/mo (room ~€400)
• Singapore / Hong Kong: €1,300-1,800/mo (room ~€700-900)

In-city, public transport is a joy: Singapore's MRT, Tokyo's metro, Seoul's subway and Taipei's system are cheap, spotless and in English, and Grab/Gojek get you a bike-taxi for €1-2 across Southeast Asia. Between countries, budget airlines (AirAsia, Scoot, VietJet, Jetstar) make weekend hops absurdly cheap. The catch: Asia is huge, so weekend country-hopping works within a cluster, Southeast Asia, or the Japan-Korea-Taiwan triangle, but not across the whole region. Trains rule in Japan (the Shinkansen) but cost real money; night buses and sleeper trains are the budget move everywhere else.

• Kuala Lumpur ↔ Bangkok: 2h flight, ~€30-60 return if you book ahead
• Singapore ↔ Bali: 2.5h flight, ~€60-100 return
• Tokyo ↔ Seoul: 2.5h flight, ~€100-150 return
• Tokyo ↔ Osaka: 2.5h Shinkansen, ~€90 each way (or a €30 night bus)

Teaching leans more traditional and lecture-heavy than Europe, attendance often counts, there is more continuous assessment (mid-terms, quizzes), and in South Korea and China the pressure around finals is real. English-taught options are everywhere at the big exchange hosts: Singapore's NUS and NTU, Hong Kong's HKU, plus Japanese and Korean unis running full English tracks for exchange students even where locals study in the native language. Most partners use ECTS or map cleanly to it, a normal load is 30 ECTS, usually 4-5 courses. Standout uni cities: Singapore, Seoul, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Taipei, and Melbourne for the high-ranking, fully-English experience.

Forget Erasmus free movement, this is real-visa territory, and the rules hinge on your nationality, so treat the below as a map, not gospel. For a full semester you will almost always need a student visa (Japan's Student status, Korea's D-2, China's X1), which your host uni sponsors with an admission letter. Some short stays run visa-free (Japan up to 90 days), but a semester exceeds that. Once there, many countries make you register locally, a residence card in Japan, an ARC in Korea and Taiwan, within weeks of landing. Health insurance is usually mandatory; sort it before you fly.

• Japan, Student visa via a Certificate of Eligibility; collect your residence card at the airport
• South Korea, D-2 visa, then register for an ARC within 90 days of arrival
• China, X1 visa for long stays, then a residence permit within 30 days
• Australia, Student visa (subclass 500), which includes limited work rights
• Always check the rules for your specific passport, they vary a lot by nationality

You will eat like royalty for pocket change: €1.50 pho in Hanoi, €2 hawker plates in Singapore, endless side dishes (banchan) in Korea, conveyor-belt sushi in Japan. Meal times run earlier and food is deeply social, eating alone is less common and sharing dishes is the default. Watch the small stuff that catches students out: shoes off indoors in Japan and Korea, no tipping (it can genuinely offend), never stick chopsticks upright in rice, and pass things to elders with two hands in Korea. Time your semester around a festival, Songkran in April, Diwali, Lunar New Year, or Japan's cherry blossom in late March.

This is the region's superpower: your semester base is a launchpad for trips that would cost a fortune from Europe. Broke-student logic, pick a cheap hub and radiate out. From a Southeast Asian base you can island-hop the Philippines, dive in Indonesia, or temple-crawl Cambodia and Vietnam on a shoestring. From an East Asian base, Japan, Korea and Taiwan form a tidy triangle of cheap short flights. Book flights 6-8 weeks out, travel in shoulder season to dodge both crowds and monsoon, and use night buses to save yourself a hostel night.

• Bangkok hub → Chiang Mai, Cambodia (Angkor Wat), Vietnam on cheap buses and flights
• Bali → the Gili Islands and Lombok, ferries under €20
• Manila or Cebu → Palawan and Siargao, island-hopping on a student budget
• Tokyo → Kyoto and Osaka, Shinkansen or a ~€30 overnight bus
• Singapore → anywhere in Southeast Asia, the cheapest flight hub in the region

There is no single best, Asia is too varied, and the right pick swings entirely on your priorities and budget. Rank what matters most (money, weather, English, nightlife) and match it below. When in doubt, cheaper-and-further usually makes the better story.

• On a tight budget, Vietnam, Indonesia or the Philippines
• Best nightlife, South Korea (Seoul) and Thailand (Bangkok)
• Nature & outdoors, Indonesia, Malaysian Borneo and Australia
• Easiest in English, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, Australia
• Beaches & warmth, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia
• History & culture, Japan, China and India

Most exchange regret here is logistical, not existential, students get tripped by admin, weather and money mechanics far more than by culture shock. A little prep kills most of it, so front-load the boring stuff in your first fortnight and enjoy the rest.

• Get a local SIM or eSIM at the airport, you need a local number for e-wallets and food apps
• Check monsoon and typhoon season before booking trips (roughly June-October, varies by country)
• Cash still rules in Japan and rural areas, do not assume your card works everywhere
• Download offline maps and a translation app; Google Maps is patchy in China (use Amap or a VPN)
• Register your residence or visa on time, the fines and re-entry hassle are very real
• Do not budget for Tokyo/Singapore prices in a €600 country, reset your spending per base