Rio de Janeiro.

Rio's social life is a beach-and-bar culture. Days revolve around specific stretches of sand, each posto with its crowd, and evenings around botequins in Botafogo and the historic bars of Lapa, where samba spills into the street under the Arcos. PUC-Rio and UFRJ both run busy calendars, and pre-Carnival blocos take over the city from January.

• Arpoador rock for the sunset ritual; Posto 9 in Ipanema for the young, mixed crowd.
• Lapa on Friday and Saturday for samba, live music and street parties around the Arcos.
• Ask the Rio group on Studcasa which blocos and university parties are on that week.

Rio is one of Brazil's pricier cities, so budget nearer the top of the national band, about R$3,500 to 5,500 (roughly 560 to 880 euros) a month. Rent in the Zona Sul is the big cost; you save by sharing, using student transport and eating at por-quilo and botequim spots rather than beachfront restaurants.

• A shared room in Botafogo, Flamengo or Laranjeiras runs about R$1,400 to 2,500 a month.
• A por-quilo lunch is R$35 to 55; a chope at a botequim R$9 to 14.
• Get a Bilhete Único Carioca to cap and integrate metro-and-bus fares.

Most students aim for the Zona Sul, Botafogo, Flamengo, Laranjeiras and Catete, for the mix of safety, transport and price, or Gávea if you're at PUC. Repúblicas and shared flats are the norm; beware beachfront Copacabana and Ipanema prices unless you're splitting a room. View in person and be wary of upfront-payment scams.

• Botafogo and Flamengo balance metro access, price and nightlife best for newcomers.
• PUC students often base in Gávea, Jardim Botânico or Leblon for the short commute.
• Post in the Studcasa Rio group to find rooms and flatmates before you land.

The MetrôRio is clean, safe and the backbone for the Zona Sul and centre, with lines reaching Ipanema, Copacabana and, via express bus, Barra. Buses and the BRT fill the gaps, the VLT tram serves the revamped port and centre, and Bike Itaú stations line the beach. Use Uber or 99 at night.

• Tap a Bilhete Único Carioca across metro, integrated buses and the VLT.
• Metro Linha 1 and 2 cover most student needs; add the MetrôNaSuperfície express bus for Barra.
• Prefer Uber or 99 over buses late at night, especially heading home from Lapa.

UFRJ, on the Fundão island campus and in the historic centre, is one of Brazil's largest and most respected federal universities; PUC-Rio in Gávea is the prestige private option with strong international ties and more English-taught courses. UERJ and FGV round out the choices. Portuguese helps a lot, but PUC especially caters well to exchange students.

• PUC-Rio's international office (CCCI) is well organised and runs many courses in English.
• UFRJ spreads across Fundão and the centre, so check which campus your faculty uses before signing a lease.

This depends heavily on your nationality. Most non-Mercosur students on a semester exchange need a temporary student visa (VITEM IV), applied for at a Brazilian consulate before travelling, with your university's acceptance letter, proof of funds, and often a criminal record check. Mercosur-country nationals have a simpler residence route. Some short stays can be done on a tourist entry, but for a full semester the student visa is the safe, correct path, so start early.

After arrival you must register with the Federal Police (Policia Federal) within the deadline on your visa to get your foreigner ID (RNM/CRNM). Keep certified, translated copies of everything, and expect the process to be slow and document-heavy.

• Most non-Mercosur students, VITEM IV student visa before arrival
• Mercosur nationals, simpler temporary residence route
• Register with the Policia Federal after arrival for your RNM/CRNM ID
• Bring proof of funds, acceptance letter and a criminal record check, often apostilled

Carioca food is beach food and botequim food: água de coco straight from the shell, Globo biscuits on the sand, açaí, and a proper Saturday feijoada with friends. Bar Urca and the Botafogo botequins are institutions. The centre's Confeitaria Colombo is worth one grand old-world coffee.

• Do a Saturday feijoada; most botequins run one and it's the social meal of the week.
• Grab a beer and a pastel at Bar Urca and drink it on the sea wall at sunset.
• Cool down with açaí and água de coco on the beach, the true carioca staples.

The Zona Sul is where most exchange life happens: Botafogo (buzzy, well-connected, good value), Flamengo and Laranjeiras (residential, leafy), and the pricier beach trio of Copacabana, Ipanema and Leblon. Santa Teresa is the bohemian hill above the centre; Gávea suits PUC students.

• Botafogo: the sweet spot of price, transport, bars and metro access.
• Flamengo and Laranjeiras: calmer and residential, with a huge beachfront park.
• Santa Teresa: arty and atmospheric, but hillier and less connected.

The state of Rio is stacked with weekend trips. Colonial Paraty and its bay are about four hours; the beaches of Búzios and Arraial do Cabo, home to Brazil's clearest water, two to three; and car-free Ilha Grande a bus-plus-boat away. Up in the hills, imperial Petrópolis is a cool ninety-minute escape from the heat.

• Ilha Grande (bus and boat, about 3 hours total) for jungle trails and empty beaches.
• Arraial do Cabo (about 2.5 hours) for turquoise, Caribbean-clear water.
• Petrópolis (about 1.5 hours) for the imperial palace and cooler mountain air.

Rio rewards a bit of street sense: keep phones and valuables low-profile on the beach and buses, only carry what you need, and prefer apps to walking home late. Learn which beach posto suits you, embrace the slower carioca clock, and don't skip the free stuff, from sunsets and hikes to beach volleyball.

• Take a cheap spare phone to the beach or leave the good one at home; watch your things at the posto.
• Hike Morro da Urca or Dois Irmãos early for the views without the midday heat or crowds.
• Use Uber or 99 after dark and avoid quiet streets around the centre and Lapa late at night.