Ghana.

The social scene runs on Afrobeats, WhatsApp groups and long, late nights. In Accra, students cluster around the University of Ghana in Legon, the campus is basically a small city with hostels, chop bars and its own nightlife. Osu (Oxford Street) is the classic night out, while Labone and East Legon have the cocktail bars and rooftop spots.

December is unreal: 'Detty December' brings diaspora crowds, huge concerts (AfroFuture, formerly Afrochella) and non-stop parties. The rest of the year you'll do beach days at Kokrobite, campus events and church-heavy Sundays, because religion is a big deal here. International-student networks are smaller than in Europe, so you'll end up mixing with locals fast, which is genuinely the whole point of coming.

Ghana is dirt cheap if you live like a local and gets pricey the second you go Western. A plate of waakye or jollof from a chop bar is a euro or two; the same evening with imported beer at an Osu lounge will sting. Budget roughly €600–1,000 a month all-in, depending mostly on rent and how often you eat out.

The catches: housing near campus can be surprisingly steep for international students, and cards barely work, this is a cash and mobile-money economy. The currency is the Ghanaian cedi (₵), which wobbles against the euro, so your money can quietly stretch further (or less) from one month to the next.

• Street-food plate (waakye, jollof, banku): €1–2
• Room in a shared place / hostel near Legon: €200–400/mo
• Trotro (shared minibus) ride: €0.30
• Local SIM + monthly data (MTN): €10–15/mo
• Big night out in Osu: €20–40

Most exchange students land in University of Ghana hostels or the private hostels ringing the Legon campus, or rent a self-contained room in nearby Madina, East Legon or Osu. On-campus and international hostels are the easy button; private rooms are cheaper but you'll want to see them in person before handing over a cent.

Search via your host university's international office first, then Facebook groups and Jiji.com.gh. Scams are real: never pay a 'reservation' or full deposit by bank transfer or MoMo before you've seen the place and met the landlord. Ghanaian landlords also often demand 6–12 months' rent upfront, negotiate hard, or go through official hostels to sidestep it entirely.

• On-campus / international hostel: €500–1,200 per semester
• Self-contained room, Madina/East Legon: €200–400/mo
• Red flag: 'pay upfront by MoMo, sight unseen', always a scam
• Landlords may ask 6–12 months' rent in advance, normal, but negotiable

Accra moves on trotros, battered shared minibuses that cost a few cents, run fixed routes, and are announced by a conductor's hand signals you'll slowly learn to read. For anything you can't be bothered to decode, Bolt and Uber are everywhere and dirt cheap. There's no metro and no student travel pass; you just pay per trip.

Traffic (locals call it 'go-slow') is genuinely brutal, so add a buffer to every Accra journey. For intercity, air-conditioned STC and VIP coaches link Accra to Kumasi (4–5 hrs), Cape Coast (3 hrs) and beyond, buy a day ahead. Heading far north (Tamale, Mole), cheap domestic flights on Africa World or PassionAir beat a 12-hour bus.

• Trotro ride across town: €0.20–0.50
• Bolt/Uber across Accra: €2–5
• STC coach Accra→Kumasi, around €10, ~4–5 hrs
• Domestic flight Accra→Tamale, from ~€40

Teaching is lecture-heavy and more formal than you're used to, lecturers are 'Prof' or 'Doctor', and being too casual gets noticed. Assessment usually splits into continuous work (quizzes, assignments) and one heavy final exam that carries most of the grade. Everything is in English, so English-taught availability simply isn't a worry here, it's the default.

Ghana uses credit hours, not ECTS: a full semester is about 15–18 credit hours, which host universities typically map to roughly 30 ECTS (nail this down with your coordinator in writing before you fly). The standouts are the University of Ghana at Legon, the flagship, strongest for humanities, sciences and business, and Ashesi University in nearby Berekuso, a small, well-regarded private school known for engineering and a liberal-arts feel.

This depends entirely on your nationality. ECOWAS (West African) citizens don't need a visa; almost everyone else, EU, UK, US, Canada, Australia, does. You apply for an entry visa (or e-visa) at a Ghanaian embassy before you fly, using your university admission letter, proof of funds and a mandatory yellow-fever vaccination certificate. No yellow card, no entry.

The entry visa only gets you in; to stay a full semester you convert it to a student residence permit through the Ghana Immigration Service after you arrive, usually with your university's help. Start early, both embassy processing and the permit paperwork are slow and bureaucratic. Photocopy everything and keep spares.

• Yellow-fever certificate, mandatory, checked on arrival
• Entry visa / e-visa, apply before you fly (most non-ECOWAS nationals)
• Student residence permit, arrange after arrival via the Immigration Service
• Proof of funds + admission letter, needed for the application

You'll eat well and cheaply: jollof rice (and you must pick a side in the Ghana-vs-Nigeria debate), waakye for breakfast, banku and tilapia with fiery shito, fufu with light soup, and red-red with fried plantain. Big meals land at lunch, street food is everywhere, and fufu and banku are eaten by hand, with your right hand, always.

That right-hand rule runs through everything: greet, give and receive with the right hand, never the left. Greetings matter, say hello before you ask for anything, and in a group greet from the right. Sundays revolve around church. Time your term around Homowo, the Chale Wote street-art festival in Jamestown (August), Independence Day (6 March) and the December concert madness.

Studcasa's Ghana map is Accra-centric for now, and honestly that's where the exchange action is: the capital has the biggest student population, the best nightlife and the base for basically every trip you'll take. Here's the lay of the land, plus the two cities worth knowing if you look further afield.

• Accra, the capital and Studcasa's Ghana hub; University of Ghana at Legon, the best nightlife, the most international crowd and the launchpad for every weekend trip
• Legon / East Legon (Accra), the leafy student districts around campus, where you'll most likely live and study
• Beyond Studcasa, Kumasi: the Ashanti heartland and KNUST, more traditional and a great second base if you want less Accra hustle
• Beyond Studcasa, Cape Coast: a small coastal university town with beaches and heavy slave-fort history, far calmer than the capital

You're perfectly placed for cheap, big trips. The unmissable one is Cape Coast and Elmina, about three hours west, where the slave castles are a gut-punch of history every exchange student should face, with the Kakum canopy walkway nearby for something lighter afterwards.

For nature, the Volta Region serves up Wli Waterfalls (the tallest in West Africa) and monkey sanctuaries; for beaches, Kokrobite is an hour out and Ada Foah sits where the Volta meets the sea. Feeling bold? Togo's capital Lomé is a border-hop away for your cheapest 'another country' stamp. Do the far-north Mole safari once, fly into Tamale to save your spine.

• Cape Coast & Elmina, ~€15 return by coach, ~3 hrs; slave castles + Kakum canopy walk
• Volta Region (Wli Falls, monkey sanctuaries), ~3–4 hrs, waterfalls and hikes
• Kokrobite / Ada Foah beaches: 1–2 hrs, the weekend reset
• Lomé, Togo, a border-hop for a second country, ~3–4 hrs
• Mole National Park, elephants up north; fly to Tamale (from ~€40) to skip the 12-hour bus

The stuff nobody tells you until you've already messed it up. Ghana runs on cash, mobile money and a relaxed sense of time, get those three right and you're 90% of the way there.

• Grab an MTN SIM at the airport and set up Mobile Money (MoMo), it's how everyone pays
• Carry cash; cards die outside malls. Withdraw cedis from bank ATMs (GCB, Ecobank)
• Take malaria prophylaxis and sleep under a net, do not wing this one
• Drink sachet ('pure water') or bottled water, never the tap
• Learn a little Twi, 'medaase' (thank you), 'ɛte sɛn?' (how are you), it opens doors
• 'Ghana time' is real: expect things to start late and pack patience for Accra traffic